Pieces of a Nation

South Sudan became independent in 2011 after decades of rebel wars with the Government of Sudan. Independence prompted discussions about South Sudanese identity and shared history, in which material objects and cultural heritage featured as vitally important resources. However, the long-term effects of colonialism and conflict had largely precluded any concerted attempts to preserve material culture within the country; museums remained in Khartoum, the capital of the formally united Sudan. Furthermore, tens of thousands of objects had been removed from what is now South Sudan during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to museum and private collections around the world. Up to now there have been few attempts to reconnect the history of these South Sudanese museum collections with people in or from South Sudan. Pieces of a Nation is the first extended study of South Sudanese material cultural heritage in museum collections and beyond. The chapters discuss a range of different objects and practices – from museum objects taken from South Sudan in the context of enslavement and colonialism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to efforts by South Sudanese to preserve their country’s cultural heritage during recent conflicts. With essays by 32 contributors in Europe, South Sudan, Uganda and Australia, this book delivers a unique range of perspectives on museum objects from South Sudan and on heritage practices in the country and among its diaspora. Written by curators, academics, heritage professionals and artists in accessible and engaging style, it is intended for scholars, museum professionals and a wide range of individuals interested in South Sudan, African arts and cultures, the history of museum collecting and colonialism and/or the role of material heritage in peacebuilding and refugee contexts. At a time of widespread, prominent debates over the provenance of museum collections from Africa and calls for restitution, this book provides an in-depth empirical study of the circumstances and practices that led to South Sudanese objects entering foreign museum collections and the importance of these objects in South Sudan and around the world today. Contents List of Figures About the Contributors Acknowledgements Introduction Zoe Cormack and Cherry Leonardi C19th Commercial Entanglements From ‘Bush’ to ‘Boudoir’ Zachary Kingdon ‘A very Singular Helmet…’ Jeremy Coote and Alison Petch A Headdress of Human Hair Nadja Haumberger Travelling and Talking Objects The ‘Omdurman’ Slit-Drum John Mack A Talking Drum Samuel Zanunga Biegene, Takido Zambia Sebit and Sebit Fandas Music that Breathes Life Justin Billy Buwali Like Doves in Flight John Ryle Resistance and (Re)appropriations The Musealization of the Gift Paola Ivanov ‘Captured’ at the Battle of Omdurman Nick Badcott Car Koryom’s Fly Whisk Douglas Johnson Small Drum, Wooden and Hide, variable Pitch Richard Vokes Problems of Representation ‘Spears’ that are not Spears Jok Madut Jok Out of Frame Chris Morton A Dinka Madonna? Ludmilla Jordanova An Unused Hunting Spear Johanna Zetterstrom-Sharp Markets and Collecting The Potter of Li Rangu Inbal Livne The Market in Memory Zoe Cormack Containing the Harvest Patti Langton Of Replicas, Refusals and Resistance Elfatih Atem and Rebecca Lorins Heritage in War and Peace New Sudan Ephemera Nicki Kindersley and Yosa Wawa Heritage in Displacement Deng Nhial Chioh A European Union Jerry-Can Adebo Nelson Abiti and John Giblin Because the World is not Ending Florence Henry Lokule and Alex Miskin Afterword: A World in Process: Recovering Agency through Objects Annie Coombes Bibliography